Protected Areas

The Great Bear Sea MPA Network builds on existing conservation in the region and covers 30% of the Great Bear Sea / Northern Shelf Bioregion.

Photo by Coastal First Nations

Progress Explained

More than 60% of the Network is comprised of existing MPAs, with the remaining area to be made up of new sites.

The MPA Network aims to achieve significant conservation and economic outcomes while placing high protection and restrictions on only 6% to 15% of the Great Bear Sea region. The design strategies from the Network Action Plan recommend that 20% to 50% of the Network be captured in areas of high protection.

About The MPA Network ➝

Benefits & Impact ➝

FAQ ➝

Stages of Site Establishment

1. Proposed / Committed

The site has been identified for conservation, and conservation is the primary objective of the site. The intention to designate the site has been announced in some formal manner. However, the announcement is non-binding.

2. Designated

The MPA is established through Crown government legislation and/or Indigenous law. The MPA has clear boundaries established for the long-term conservation of the area. The goals of the site’s designation are clearly defined and stated, with biodiversity conservation as a primary stated objective. There is a clear process in place to define allowed uses and the associated regulations and rules to control the impact of authorized activities.

3. Implemented

The MPA exists and is operational, not just on paper. Plans for management are activated, and biodiversity benefits can begin to accrue. The MPA has a plan (a management plan or equivalent) for regulating activities. Governance of the MPA exists within a managing body or people group, such as an Indigenous People, government agency, NGO, or shared governance among these. Resource users, such as fishers or tourism operators, are aware of the MPA regulations.

4. Actively Managed

Management and scientific monitoring of the MPA is ongoing and subject to periodic review. Management is able to adapt and make changes as needed to achieve stated biodiversity conservation and other social and ecological goals of the MPA. MPA management is ongoing, with scientific monitoring, periodic reviews, and adjustments made as needed to achieve the goals. There is active and ongoing monitoring, community engagement, and management evaluation.

Implementation Process

New MPA Network zones have been organized into into three categories, based on the various timelines for implementation:

Category 1 Sites ➝

Category 2 Zones ➝

Category 3 Areas ➝

In addition to the proposed MPA Network sites and zones, numerous existing MPAs contribute to the Network:

Existing Sites ➝

MPA Network site designation progress

The Great Bear Sea MPA Network is made of existing and proposed MPAs, called ‘Sites’. Proposed MPAs are being established on varying timelines.

As of June 2026

Site Total Area (sq-km) Anticipated Designation Date1 Stage of site establishment
Committed Designated2 Implemented Actively Managed
Xaana Kaahlii and Gaw Káahlii Marine Refuges 29 2025 Complete Complete On Track Not Started
Xaana Kaahlii / Gaw Káahlii Land Act Section 16 Withdrawal 30 2024 Complete Delayed Not Started Not Started
Haida Gwaii Nearshore marine National Wildlife Area 2,268 2028 Complete Delayed Not Started Not Started
Haida Gwaii Offshore Marine Protected Area 3,976 2028 Complete Delayed Not Started Not Started
North Coast Fjords Marine Protected Area 454 2028 Complete Delayed Not Started Not Started
Kitkatla Inlet Marine Protected Area 440 2028 Complete Delayed Not Started Not Started
Kishkosh and Kitkiata Inlets Wildlife Management Area 17 2025 Complete Complete On Track Not Started
Banks Marine Refuge 435 2026 Complete Complete On Track Not Started
Mia-yaltwa Ha’lidzogm hoon NMCAR and IPCA 6,700 2025 Complete Complete On Track Not Started
Gwaxdlala/Nalaxdlala Marine Refuge Land Act Section 17 withdrawal & IPCA 21 2023 Complete Complete Complete On Track
Homayno Marine Refuge Land Act Section 17 withdrawal & IPCA 28 2026 Complete Complete* On Track Not Started
Category 2 Zones 2,779 2030 Delayed Not Started Not Started Not Started

Timeline

Anticipated MPA Establishment Timeline

2021
  • Gwaxdlala/Nalaxdlala (Lull Bay/Hoeya Sound) IPCA Declared
2023
  • Gwaxdlala/Nalaxdlala (Lull Bay/Hoeya Sound) Marine Refuge Established

  • MPA Network Action Plan Endorsed

2024
  • Lophelia Reef Interim Protections

  • Skidegate Inlet and Masset Inlet Wildlife Management Area Established
  • Gwaxdlala/Nalaxdlala (Lull Bay/Hoeya Sound) Section 17 Land Act Withdrawal Implemented
  • Homayno Haydon Loughborough Section 17 Land Act Withdrawal Implemented
2025
  • Banks Marine Refuge Established
  • Masset Inlet Marine Refuge Established
  • Skidegate Inlet Marine Refuge Established
  • Kitkiata and Kishkosh Lax̱g̱alts’ap Inlet Wildlife Management Area Established
  • Mia-yaltwa Ha’lidzogm hoon NMCAR and IPCA Establishment Agreement Signed
  • Tools and Pathways Identified for Category 2 MPAs
2026
  • Homayno Heydon Loughborough Marine Refuge Established

2027
  • Mia-yaltwa Ha’lidzogm hoon NMCAR and IPCA Designated
2028
  • North Coast Fjords MPA Established
  • Kitkatla Inlet MPA Established
  • Haida Gwaii Offshore MPA Established
  • Nearshore Haida Gwaii National Marine Wildlife Area Established
2030
  • Category 2 MPAs Established
2031+
  • Category 3 MPAs Established